LV 259: Rethinking le pré carré | Trump upsets everything | Lorgnette : Predation in Goma

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Rethinking the pré carré

The notion of the ‘pré carré’, which smacks of the 17th century and reminds us of Vauban fortresses, is back! The expansionist ambitions of the new President of the United States have put it back in the spotlight. If the American square is set to grow, then others will follow suit. But what about France? Does it include its overseas territories? Faced with a threat from an ally, we urgently need to get back to strategic work!

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Trump upsets everything

The Trump presidency marks a further stage in the political crisis that has gripped the United States for the last ten years. But the new president has a vision and a programme. He is imposing a new Monroe Doctrine centred on an enlarged America and setting up a new predatory imperialism, hard on allies and soft on adversaries. The allies will have to relearn the grammar of the balance of power with this frenemy.

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Lorgnette: predation in Goma

In Africa, wars come and go, amid general indifference. In addition to the civil war in Sudan, there are some striking developments in eastern DR Congo: the M23 movement, supported and equipped by neighbouring Rwanda, has taken the large city of Goma (800,000 people) in the east of the DRC, despite the Congolese army, armed militias and the UN force MONUSCO.

Eastern DR Congo experienced two ‘Congo wars’ in the 1990s. The protagonists in the current crisis are the same: in addition to Kinshasa, the neighbouring countries (Rwanda and Uganda) are pushing their pawns to take control of the territory.

Two things seem to have changed: firstly, the desire to annex Rwanda is barely concealed and is in line with the predatory movements we are seeing around the world (Crimea, Donbass, Nagorno-Karabakh, Trump’s claims). Secondly, the indulgence enjoyed by P. Kagamé, the Rwandan leader, is reaching its limits: even Great Britain is calling for a reconsideration of its relations with the controversial leader.

Has he gone too far? That would be a first.

JOVPN

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LV257: France bankrupt | Race war 2.0 in the Baltic | Lorgnette : Introspective wishes

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 8 JAN 2025

2025: France bankrupt

The fire is smouldering in France after a dreadful year, despite the success of the Olympics and Notre-Dame: domestically, economically, internationally and in the French overseas departments and territories, the country’s situation is bad. So much so that the usual resignation is giving way to a diffuse and
and dangerous anger. We need to pull ourselves together.

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Race war 2.0 in the Baltic

The breakage of an electricity cable in the Baltic Sea between Finland and Estonia on Estonia on Christmas Day marks a new stage in the escalation between Russia and NATO. If it is confirmed that it was indeed ordered by Moscow, this aggression would be the first draft of a race war 2.0, adapted to the realities of the 21st century in terms of the law of armed conflict or the vulnerabilities of a globalised economy.

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Lorgnette: Introspective wishes

What can we wish for at the start of 2025 in terms of strategy?

Given France’s retreat within its borders and its shaky position position abroad, it seems appropriate to wish that the year 2025 to be used as an opportunity for national strategic introspection.

This forced withdrawal could be an opportunity for intense reflection that would evaluate the country’s strengths and weaknesses and, as a novelty, use this to clarify France’s ambitions. Only the superpowers can be influential in all regions of the world at the same time, but France is not one of them. It must therefore chose and know how and what to give up.

There is no shortage of resources for reflection, thanks to the many think-tanks and strategic cabinets capable of putting forward coherent options for restoring the country to its rightful place.

Then the task becomes more arduous: once the options have been chosen, they need to be implemented over the long term. Perhaps these are the most useful wishes of 2025: to find people who are ready to implement a national strategy.

JOVPN

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LV 256 : 2024, shocks and chaos | EMbarrassments of the law | Lorgnette : Notre-Dame once again

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Letter from LV dated 25th DEC 2024

2024, shocks and chaos

2024 shows a troubled Asia, a troubled Middle East, a confused Africa, a tormented Slavic area, a reshaping America and a chaotic Europe. Looking at elections around the world around the world, LV can see a growing divide between disillusioned voters and increasingly authoritarian systems of government, including in post-democratic countries.

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Embarrassments of the law

While the rule of law is one of the foundations of democracy, the embarrassments into which the law, its interpretation and application plunge leaders into, raises questions about their knowledge and even understanding. Since the purpose of the law is to regulate interactions between people and between institutions, ignorance of it can only can only lead to instability and, a fortiori, disappointment.

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Lorgnette: Notre-Dame once again

Five years ago, the fire at Notre-Dame caused a stir. While it is difficult to speak of the ‘resurrection’ of a building, its ‘recovery’ is good news. This is good news: France is still capable of carrying out major projects (in addition to organising the Olympic Games), thanks in particular to the decisiveness of a leader (General Georgelin) who who knew how to override bureaucratic rigidity.

Lasting and discreet emotion, familiarity, cultural value, architectural prowess, beauty and heritage, but also an emblem of the nation: ‘Notre-Dame ticks almost all the boxes that make a building an emotional heritage’ we wrote (LV 116). The symbol was shared by the powerful people of the world, including D. Trump and E. Musk. Does this mean that France convincing? The same as always, no doubt. Probably less so the management of the moment, despite its willingness to put on a show.

As was the case five years ago, the public rejected the government’s supposed desire to ‘seize the opportunity’ to show off. And we concluded: ‘May the restoration of Notre-Dame put France back on the road to confidence, serenity and the common good’.

JOVPN

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LV 245: Hungary: a European laboratory | Brazil, the future belongs to it | Lorgnette: The Channel that unites

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 26 June 2024

 

Hungary: a European laboratory

Hungary was for a long time disputed by the Austrians and the Ottomans. Barely independent, the Treaty of Trianon cut off two-thirds of its territory. Thirty years later, it came under Soviet control. These historical vicissitudes largely explain V. Orbán’s domestic success. Access to freedom since 1989, through the EU and NATO, must not contradict the need to regain sovereignty. This is the main reason for the Hungarian leader’s illiberalism.

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Brazil, the future belongs to it

The tour of France’s neighbours on land continues overseas, this time looking at the country with which we share the longest border: Brazil. This gigantic country with so many resources remains internally fractured, which is hampering its development. Its military resources are not yet equal to its global standing, but Brazil’s non-Western approach to international relations probably represents the future.

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Lorgnette: The Channel that unites

France and the United Kingdom share similar destinies. Both countries are due to elect their National Assemblies in a few days’ time (July 5 in London, July 7 in Paris) following sudden and surprising dissolutions. In both cases, the incumbent majority is expected to give way to the opposition. Labour is favoured in the United Kingdom, while uncertainty remains in the Republic, where the choice is between a more or less clear majority and an ungovernable chamber.

In the case of the United Kingdom, the changeover comes at the end of a fairly long sequence: that of a Conservative government under Mr Cameron with fairly tough reforms, culminating in an unexpected Brexit (2016), the results of which, eight years on, are pitiful. The country has stagnated, while the provinces have sunk into poverty and inequality.

In the case of France, there has been one crisis after another since 2015: jihadist attacks, yellow jackets, Covid, pension reforms, revolt in the suburbs, riots in New Caledonia. Despite economic indicators that aren’t so bad, the feeling of a fractured and disintegrating society explains the recent vote of rejection.

Here, democratic breathing space is needed to catch our breath. The two sides of the Channel are thus coming together.

JOVPN

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LV 244 (free): Extended Mediterranean: Italy’s ambitions beyond Europe | Grand strategy in disarray | Lorgnette: Indian elections

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 12th June 2024

 

Extended Mediterranean: Italy’s ambitions beyond Europe (LV 244) (free)

Since 2022, Italy has decided to adopt a new strategic positioning in an area stretching from the Gulf of Guinea to the north-western Indian Ocean, which it calls the “extended Mediterranean”. This cross-cutting vision, which includes diplomatic and economic as well as military and security aspects, underlines Rome’s ambitions for a southern flank of NATO and the EU that has too often been neglected. In support of this strategy, Italy is also developing a strong naval base, centred on a major upgrade of capabilities and spectacular growth in volumes, making it an essential partner for France, particularly in the Indo-Pacific.

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Grand strategy in disarray (LV 244) (free)

Grand strategy remains a demanding discipline, combining diagnosis and decision, thought and action. Since its inception, La Vigie has tirelessly explored this method. We note its structural weakening, which reflects the deterioration of political debate. Yet other countries have succeeded in implementing major strategies. If we leave it to the course of events, we will encounter tragedy. Then perhaps grand strategy will be reborn.

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Lorgnette : Indian elections

The elections that have just taken place in India are full of lessons. Narendra Modi did not achieve the triumph he had hoped for, even though his coalition managed to secure a third term in office. Domestic factors played their part: doubts about the Prime Minister’s ultra-Hindu political project, the tarnished aura of a man from the bottom, economic successes (7% growth) that do not redistribute enough (unemployment remains high), and persistent regional disparities.

However, this will give him a free hand internationally to continue his balancing act (LV 240). It will continue to combine its grand strategy: cooperation with the West, notably within the framework of the Quad (United States, Australia, Japan), while benefiting from the indulgence of the Europeans; cooperation with the BRICS and notably Russia, whose oil feeds its economy; pursuit of economic development in support of a globalisation that brings prosperity; attachment to its neighbours in the Indian Ocean; a marked effort towards Africa; maintenance of a degree of tension with China and Pakistan.

What is most remarkable is the decorrelation between domestic political life and foreign policy.

JOVPN

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LV 242 : Decentralised Spain | Tenacious internal fragility | Lorgnette: The Ukrainian turn

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Letter frm La Vigie, dated 15th May 2024

Decentralised Spain

A new stage in the rediscovery of France’s neighbours on land: Spain. It is a textbook example of a state where the tension between central government and the regions is critical. This political focus explains its strategic ambition, which bears no comparison with the empire it once was.

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Tenacious internal fragility

After leading to conflicts far away, the attacks of the 2010s brought attention back to the domestic front. But the return of war, particularly in Ukraine, is prompting people to look outside again. Yet the situation at home seems more fragile than ever, as many signs show. We must not forget the home front.

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Lorgnette: The Ukrainian turn

After the failure of the Ukrainian offensive in the summer of 2023, the fighting continued throughout the autumn and winter, with slow Russian pressure which, thanks to a very favourable fire ratio, gradually nibbled away at a few positions and crushed the Ukrainian forces. The symbol was the capture of Avdivka in February 2024 (LV 236), a large suburb of Donetsk where the Ukrainians had been fortifying themselves since 2014.

But after a pause in March, the Russians resumed their push more vigorously from April onwards, whether in Chasiv Yar (a suburb of Bakhmut) or to the west of Avdivka, managing to make clearer progress at a rate of 25km² per week. Since last Friday, in addition to recurring fighting along the entire front, they have launched a major push north of Kharkiv, pushing aside the Ukrainian forces and taking several dozen square kilometres. Ukraine is short of weapons, ammunition and manpower. Western aid remains at a low level and the military situation seems very compromised.

It seems that we are witnessing a military turning point on the ground, even though Moscow has not yet launched all its forces. A turning point is taking place and the words ‘collapse’ are being uttered more and more. Are we close to the end?

JOVPN

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LV 225: Ambiant disaster | If there’s only one left, it’s IndoPac | From Korea to Armenia

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 20 Sept. 2023

Ambient disaster

The ideologies of the twentieth century, communism and liberalism, have lost their hold on society. For twenty years, the world has witnessed the return of religion as a geopolitical factor, but two catastrophisms – ecological and demographic – have now become replacement ideologies. We need to move beyond them.

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If there’s only one left, it’s IndoPac

For several months, if not years, France’s foreign policy has suffered from a notable lack of clarity in its latest qualification as a “trusted partner power”. Its long-standing partners are taking advantage of this to bully Paris and subject it to historic affronts. Because we have to exist on the international stage, the only thing left is the Indo-Pacific, which we are boosting in the hope that our new partners will have confidence in us.

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Lorgnette: from Korea to Armenia

President Putin welcomed Kim Jong Un, the President of North Korea, with great pomp and ceremony. Kim Jong Un is not accustomed to being received in this way, as his country has opted for long-term strategic isolation. The Korean peninsula is not at peace, since only an armistice was signed in 1953, and since then Pyongyang has maintained a considerable military effort, to the point of developing nuclear weapons, ballistic missiles and possibly a missile-launching submarine. The advantage of military dictatorships is that they have stockpiles. Korea is said to be supplying Russia with 10 million shells to maintain its RAPFEU in Ukraine. You have the allies you can get.

That’s what Armenia told itself when, in 2020, it was unable to resist the Azerbaijani offensive. Russia did just enough to prevent things going too far (LV 151, 154 and 184) and moved on. So its troops went to Ukraine and are still there. From then on, the CSTO, which organised the “near abroad”, lost its strength and Armenia announced that it was organising military exercises with the United States. Moscow is no longer able to guarantee wider security and is losing its most traditional supporters. Azerbaijan is taking advantage. Russia is letting it happen…

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JONVP

LV222 : The temptation of bukelism | Vinius empty-handed | Lorgnette : commission uner control

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 19 July 2023

The temptation of Bukelism

The recent riots in France showed that society was deeply divided and that the signals it was sending to those in power were not being heeded. While the latter are the guarantors of public order and tranquillity, recourse to Bukelism (in reference to the President of El Salvador) could be considered as a way of “closing ranks” among the population, a necessary condition for the implementation of a national strategy.

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Vilnius empty-handed

The Vilnius summit was billed as a renaissance. It has to be said that the results have been disappointing. President Zelesnky left empty-handed, a sign of the summit’s two unanswered questions: the first concerned the extent of support for Ukraine, and the second the strength of American interest in Europe.

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Lorgnette: Commission under control

The European Commission, headed by Ursula van der Leyen (nicknamed VDL), is once again at the centre of criticism. An American (Scott Morton) has been appointed Chief Economist in the Competition Directorate. Apart from her nationality, the fact that she has advised the likes of Apple, Amazon and Microsoft raises questions, given that one of the challenges facing the directorate will be to examine the weight of the American digital majors. This is problematic, as both Paris and the European Parliament have pointed out. In the end, she will not be taking up the post.

But this affair comes on the heels of several others, such as the text messages exchanged between Ms von der Leyen and Pfizer’s CEO at the time of covid, and the clumsy outbursts from the same VDL on international affairs, which is not her role but that of the High Representative.

Is this simply amateurism on her part? Remember that she was unconvincing in her previous ministerial post in Germany and that Berlin was very happy to get rid of her. Or is it a more or less conscious structural alignment with Washington? Just asking the question is embarrassing.

JOCVP

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LV219 (free): An acceptable programming law, in the end | Strategic illusion | Lorgnette : BRICS and NBD

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 7 June 2023

An acceptable Programming law, in the end

Hastily decided and prepared, preceded by a mediocre Strategic Review, the Military Planning Law is nevertheless ambitious, although it is still a catch-up law. The €413 billion will enable us to continue to increase the density of our armed forces without falling into the trap of high intensity, which would be the ultimate goal of any strategy. Measured and balanced, it maintains a prudent coherence.

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Strategic illusion

Any inherited power creates a bubble of illusion into which only its friends and allies, or those it considers to be such, can enter. There is no room for conflict, which leads to the denial of the other as a potential opponent and to the watering down of the vocabulary. The common good no longer exists because only one voice is allowed, and neither does strategy, which is designed to defend it. Is the strategist an endangered species?

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Lorgnette: RBICS and NBD

The recent meeting of BRICS foreign ministers in Cape Town can be read in different ways. The Western media focused on whether V. Putin would be granted diplomatic immunity for this summer’s summit, given that he is the subject of an ICC arrest warrant. Officially, the BRICS have made no secret of their annoyance at the way international society currently operates, and especially at the priority given to the war in Ukraine, while “the plight of the poor is forgotten“.

However, that was not the most important issue: the ministers discussed above all the introduction of a common currency “including how it could protect other member countries from the repercussions of sanctions such as those imposed on Russia” (link). To achieve this, the BRICS will use the New Development Bank (NBD), which will be able to grant loans in local currency. This is clearly a sign of defiance towards the United States and the dollar. Finally, Saudi Arabia was invited to the summit, and some twenty countries want to join the circle. A political convergence is in the process of being built: this is new (see dossier n°9).

JOCVP

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LV 216: France as a heritage power | Fighting organised crime | Lorgnette : War in Sudan

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Letter from La Vigie, dated 26 APR 2023

France as a heritage power

Controversies about the nature of France’s power continue. Far from its former glory, it is now only an inherited power, managed by expensive and arrogant heirs: it no longer inspires dreams, and the disaffection of its former colonies towards it has spread throughout Europe. Thus appears the real demarcation of the continent: between inherited powers and those who, robbed by the Soviets, have only their future to dream about.

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Fighting organised crime: a strategic priority

In the event of conflict, the capabilities of deliberately infiltrated agents are often mentioned: espionage, sabotage and subversion are part of their panoply. However, there is a drawback to their use: if they have not been infiltrated early enough, they risk being recognised quickly. On the other hand, organised crime, which has the same range of actions, knows the country and its weaknesses perfectly well, because it takes advantage of them. It is therefore strategic to fight against these criminal organisations in peacetime.

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Lorgnette: War in Sudan

Civil war has broken out in Sudan and already civilian casualties are in the hundreds, with evacuations taking place in a chaotic manner as the fighting rages and no ceasefire holds. The country had raised some hopes after a popular revolt that led to the departure of Omar al-Bashir (LV 155). Some people are surprised that these clashes are not between a government and a democratic opposition that is rebelling, but between two forces within the government. Should we see the action of the Russians and their naval base in Port Sudan (LV 123)? That would be giving them too much influence. Is it then ethnic unrest, like that which led to the secession of South Sudan? Or is it religious unrest with Islamists on one side and “pagans” (animists or Christians) on the other? Probably not.Perhaps there are some of these elements, but the background is even crueller: it is the opposition of two similar forces, the RSF (ex janjawid, these tribal militias of Darfur, see post) and the so-called regular armed forces. Two men are fighting for power and if they have foreign support, they want above all to take precedence over the other.

JOCVP

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